職稱英語閱讀中形式主語句型
形式主語句型(It作形式主語)是職稱英語閱讀題中的高頻考查句型。現將職稱英語試卷曾經出現過的形式主語句型進行如下歸納:
It 用作形式主語
當不定式(短語)、動名詞(短語)或從句在某個句子中作主語時，為保持句子結構前后平衡，避免頭重腳輕，因此常用it作形式主語置于句首，而將真正的主語放在句尾。此時it只起先行引導作用，本身無詞義。
It 作形式主語的常見句型：
① It + be + 形容詞 + to do sth. / doing / that ….
e.g. It is very important to learn a foreign language.
(學一門外語非常重要。)
It is useless crying over the spilt milk.
(覆水難收。)
It was really surprising that she married a man like that.
(她嫁給那樣的男士真讓人驚訝。)
提示：that引導主語從句時， that僅僅起引導從句的作用，that不在從句中充當任何成分。
② It + be +名詞詞組 + doing / that ….
e.g. It is no good telling lies.
(撒謊沒好處。)
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday.
(你昨天沒看成那部電影真遺憾。)
③ It + be + 過去分詞 + that ….
該句型常見動詞有：say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide, etc.
e.g. It is said that they have invented a new type of computer.
(據說他們發明了一種新型電腦。)
It was reported that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami.
(據報道，至少有十七萬人在2004年那場海嘯中喪生。)
④ It + seems / appears 等不及物動詞 + that …./似乎.../看起來...
e.g. It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much.
(似乎他非常喜歡流行歌曲。)
It appears that Tom might change his mind.
(看來湯姆可能會改變主意。)
⑤ It + takes + (sb.) + some time + to do sth.
這是一個表示“(某人)花多少時間干某事”的句型，其中it是形式主語，代替后面的不定式(to do sth.)，句型中的sb.也可以省略。
e.g. It took me some time to read the reading materials.
(我花了一些時間才讀完那段閱讀材料。)
I am not sure, but I think it takes at least nine hours to get there.
(我不能肯定，但估計至少要九個鐘頭才能到那兒。)
語法作業(請把下面的句子翻譯成中文):
1. Is it necessary to complete the design before National Day?
2. It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
3. Is it true that the scientist will give us a talk next month?
4. It doesn’t matter much which dress you are going to wear.
5. It is said that he is going to America for further study.
7. Is it possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship?
8. It will do you good to do some exercise every morning.
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