英文語法雜談(2)：分詞
分詞的相關語法（Participle）
三、用分詞作為狀語(Adverbial Modifier)
3.1 用作狀語的分詞和邏輯主語是“主動關系”。表示動作和謂語的動作同時發生。
1. David was lying in bed crying. (邏輯主語David，分詞crying)
2. We walked along the banks singing merrily.. (邏輯主語we，分詞singing)
3.2 現在分詞表示的動作發生在謂語動詞之前，要用現在分詞完成式(Present
Perfect Participle)
1. Having written the letter, I went out to post it. (現在完成式分詞having written)
2. Having already seen the film twice, she didn't want to go to the cinema. (having seen)
3.3 用作狀語的分詞和邏輯主語有“被動關系”，要用過去分詞(Past Participle)
1. We went home exhausted(疲憊地). (邏輯主語we, 過去分詞exhausted)
2. Encouraged by my teacher, I decided to work hard. (邏輯主語I，過去分詞encouraged)
3.4 用作狀語的分詞和邏輯主語有“被動關系”，也可用被動式的現在分詞(having been + v-ed)
1. Having been invited to speak, I'll start making preparations tomorrow.(邏輯主語I, 被動式現在分詞having been invited)
3.5 有的分詞在句子中沒有邏輯主語，這類特別分詞有：regarding 關于，barring 除……以外，concerning 關于，granting /granted(that) 假定、即使，presuming 假定，admitting (that) 承認， considering考慮到，assuming 假設，seeing that 考慮到，supposing (that) 假定，given (that)考慮到、如果……
1. He did poorly in his examinations, considering how hard he had atudiedfor them.
2. Granted that he has enough money to buy the house, it doesn't meanhe's going to do so.
3. He asked me questions concerning my health.
還有分詞詞組：
taking...into consideration 考慮到，judging by /from 從……判斷，talking about 說到……，speaking of 說到……，looking at 考慮到、著眼于，generally speaking 一般說來，allowing for 考慮到……
1. Generally speaking, boys are more interested in such activities that girls.
2. Allowing for the deficiencies(不足), the show is a success.
上回談到用分詞作為狀語，談得比較深入。下面提供幾個比較常用的句子以供參考：
1. Being a student, she likes to help others. (being 作student 的狀語)
2. Wearing a new pair of glasses, she can
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