職稱英語衛生類A級真題及答案
在學習和工作的日常里，許多人都需要跟考試真題打交道，考試真題可以幫助參考者清楚地認識自己的知識掌握程度。那么問題來了，一份好的考試真題是什么樣的呢？以下是小編整理的職稱英語衛生類A級真題及答案，僅供參考，大家一起來看看吧。
職稱英語衛生類A級真題及答案 1
Screen Test
1. Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a, survey published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes. Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50.
2. But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser.
3. Researchers at the Polytechnic University1 of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160, 000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the women’s cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.
4. The mathematical model recommended by Britain’s National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB)predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers.
5. The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant” compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.
6. But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help “optimise the technique” for breast cancer screening.
7. “There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks,” admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution. “On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. That’s why radiation exposure should be minimised in any screening programme.”
練習：
1.Paragraph 2 ________________
2.Paragraph 3 ________________
3.Paragraph 4 ________________
4.Paragraph 5 ________________
A Harm Screening May Do to a Younger Woman
B Investigating the Effect of Screening
C Effects Predicted by Two Different Models
D Small Risk of Inducing Cancers from Radiation
E Treatment of Cancers
F Factors That Trigger Cancers
5.Early discovery of breast cancer may________________.
6.Advantages of screening women under 50 are________________.
7.Delaying the age at which screening starts may________________.
8.Radiation exposure should be ________________.
A be costly
B harmful
C save a life
D still open to debate
E reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancer
F reduced to the minimum
答案與題解：
1.A A說的是:用X射線檢查可能對年輕女人不好。下面是第二段講的意思:但是,用X射線檢查年輕女人,就醫學上的好處而論,是有爭議的,部分原因是輻射有誘發癌癥的小小的危險。另外,年輕女人乳房組織緊密,給予的X射線的劑量要多一些。
2.B B說的是:調查用X射線檢查的.結果。第三段的第一句話是這么說的:Valencia理工大學的研究人員分析了11個社區診所用X射線檢查16萬以上女人的結果。
3.C C說的是:兩種不同的模型預測的結果。第四段講的是,兩種不同的數學模型在預測用X射線檢査女人誘發癌癥的結果是不一樣的。C概括了這段話。
4.D D說的是:輻射誘發癌癥的危險是很小的。第五段的第一句話是這么說的:The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant” compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated.研究人員爭辯說,與發現后接受治療的癌癥數字相比,由輻射誘發癌癥的數字是很小的。
5.C C與題干生成:Early discovery of breast cancer may save a life.乳腺癌發現得早也許能挽救生命。答案可以從第一段中找到。
6.D D 與題干生成:Advantages of screening women under 50 are still open to debate.對50歲以下的女人用X射線檢查的好處仍然是有爭議的。第二段的第一個句子是這么說的:But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial... 但是,用X射線檢查年輕女人,就醫學上的好處而論,是有爭議的……這兩個句子用詞有些差別,基本意思是相同的。
7.E E與題干生成:Delaying the age at which screening starts may reduce the risk of– radiation triggering a cancer.延緩用X射線檢查的年齡也許能減少輻射誘發癌癥的危險。答案在第六段。
8.F F與題干生成:Radiation exposure should be reduced to the minimum.應把接受福射降低到最小的程度。答案在文章的最后一句。
職稱英語衛生類A級真題及答案 2
albert einstein,whose theories on space time and matter helped unravel the secrets of the atom and of the universe,was chosen as "person of the century" by time magazine on sunday.
a man whose very name is synonymous with scientific genius,einstein has come to represent_(1)_the flowering of 20th century scientific thought that set the stage for the age of technology.
"the world has changed far more in the past 100 years than in any other century in history.the reason is not political or economic,but technological-technologies_(2)_," wrote theoretical physicist stephen hawking in a time essay explaining einsteins significance."clearly,no scientist better represents those advances than albert einstein."
time chose as runner-up president franklin roosevelt to represent the triumph of freedom and democracy over fascism,and mahatma gandhi as an icon for a century when civil and human rights became crucial factors in global politics.
"what we saw franklin roosevelt embodying the great theme of freedoms fight against totalitarianism,gandhi personifying the great theme of inpiduals struggling for their rights,and einstein being both a great genius and a great symbol of a scientific revolution that brought with it amazing technological advances_(3)_," said time magazine editor walter isaacson.
einstein was born in ulm,germany in 1879.in his early years,einstein did not show the promise of what he was to become.he was slow to learn to speak and did not do well in elementary school.he could not stomach organized learning and loathed taking exams.
in1905,however,he was to publish a theory which stands as one of the most intricate examples of human imagination in history.in his "special theory of relativity,"einstein described how the only constant in the universe is the speed of light.everything else-mass,weight,space,even time itself-is a variable.and he offered the world his now-famous equation:energy equals mass times the speed of light squared-e=mc2.
"indirectly,relativity paved the way for a new relativism in morality,art and politics," isaacson wrote in an essay___(4)____."there was less faith in absolutes,not only of time and space but also of truth and morality."
einsteins famous equation was also the seed that led to the development of atomic energy and weapons.in1939,six years after he fled european fascism and settled at princeton university,einstein,an avowed pacifist,signed a letter to president roosevelt urging the united states to develop an atomic bomb before nazi germany did.roosevelt heeded the advice and formed the "manhattan project"_(5)_.einstein did not work on the project.
einstein died in princeton,new jersey in 1955.
A.explaining times choices
B.how he thought of the relativity theory
C.more than any other person
D.that secretly developed the first atomic weapon
E.that flowed directly from advances in basic science
F.that helped expand the growth of freedom
key：CEFAD
These days, "what do you want to do when you grow up?" is the wrong question to ask children in the USA. The_______(51) should be: "what job are you doing now?" American companies are employing more and more young people as consultants to evaluate products for child_______(52). The 12-to-19_______(53) group spends more than $100 billion a year in the USA. Specialist agencies have been created to help manufaqturers ask kids about all the latest trends in clothes, food and_______(54) markets. One_______(55), Teenage Research Unlimited, has panels (評判小組) of teenagers who give their verdict (裁決) on products_______(56) jeans (牛仔褲). Another company, Doyle Research Associated, holds two-hour sessions in a room _______(57) the "imaginarium (想象室)." Children are encouraged to play games to get_______(58) a creative mood. They have to write down any ideas that_______(59) into their heads.
Some manufacturers prefer to do their own_______(60) research. The software company Microsoft runs a weekly "Kids Council" at its headquarters in Seattle,_______(61) a panel of school children give their verdict on the _______(62) products and suggest new ones. One 11-year-old, Andrew Cooledge, told them that they should make more computer games which would appeal equally_______(63) boys and girls. Payments for the work are increasingly attractive. Andrew Cooledge was paid $250 and given some software _______(64), even if their ideas are valuable, the children will never make a fortune. They cannot have the copyright to their ideas. These are not jobs they can hold for long they are too old. _______(65) their mid-teens they can be told that they are too old.
51 A sentence B word C answer D question
52 A employees B labourors C consumers D employers
53 A age B year C time D generation
54 A the B another C other D others
55 A school B firm C store D college
56 A as B like C of D with
57 A called B calls C calling D call
58 A into B out of C along with D over
59 A happen B come C occur D fall
60 A science B creation C production D market
61 A there B here C where D which
62 A last B late C later D latest
63 A to B for C with D on
64 A Therefore B However C Besides D Otherwise
65 A Above B On C By D Over
答案:
51 D 52 C 53 A 54 C 55 B
56 B 57 A 58 A 59 B 60 D
61 C 62 D 63 A 64 B 65 C
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