四六級考場寫作應急指南
在四六級考試過程中，由于心情和時間的雙重緊張，面對寫作，同學們很容易會提筆忘詞，本來很好的構思往往被一個想不起來的單詞硬生生地破壞了。那么，我們應該如何應對這種情況使我們的寫作思路如行云流水一般順暢呢?下面介紹三種簡單易行的應急措施，也許會對你有所幫助。
一、換用同義詞、反義詞等相關詞匯
遇到未曾學過的詞或一時想不起的詞時，可運用發散思維，發揮想象力，盡可能想出與之有關的同義詞、反義詞，利用語言的內在聯系，多層次、多角度地運用語言，解決單詞受阻難題。
例：湯姆昨晚做了一場惡夢。
Tom had a nightmare last night.因nightmare使用率不高，不易記住。但其同義詞bad dream易記。上句可換譯為：Tom had a bad dream last night.
再如：The soup is tasty. = The soup is nice to drink. = The food is delicious.
He discontinued the work at ten o’clock. = He stopped the work at ten o’clock.
His temper is nasty. = His temper is terrible. = He has a bad temper.
英語語言中詞與詞之間是有聯系的，詞與詞之間存在語義的“共核”現象即所謂的同義詞現象。豐富的同義詞給我們提供了極大的方便。
同樣，用某詞的反義詞來進行替換也是可行的，請看下面的例子：
He is stubborn. = He is not tame.
The knife is blunt. = The knife is not sharp.
This is expensive. = This is not cheap.
Mary is talkative. = Mary is never quiet.
二、換用籠統詞
總體而言，單詞可分為兩類：籠統詞和具體詞。籠統詞的特點在于意義寬泛、搭配性強。雖然它們獨自不能精確表達一個含義，但在構成詞組以后可替代很多具體詞。寫作中遇到一些具體詞寫不出來的時候，用籠統詞取代，能達到異曲同工之妙。最常用的籠統詞有 have，make, take等。
例：拜恩經歷了一個極其艱苦的時代。
Bain experienced a terrible hard time. 寫作時，若忘記了experience可用籠統詞have代替，寫成Bain had a terrible hard time. 同樣能收到預期效果。類似的例子還很多。如：
Do you understand my meaning, sir? = Do you take my meaning, sir?
My father will preside over the meeting. = My father will take the meeting.
I will subscribe to the local newspaper. = I will take the local newspaper.
The enemy occupied the city. = The enemy took the city.
The boy resembles his father. = The boy takes after his father.
從以上的例句不難看出，具體詞音節較多，使用頻率不高，容易遺忘，而籠統詞則不然。因此，在考場作文寫作中，籠統詞取代具體詞，不失為一種應急良策。
三、換用迂回表達
當一個詞或某些信息表達起來有困難時，要充分利用語言本身詞意豐富、句型多變等特點，進行迂回表達。因為任何一種表達形式，只要能達意便可接受。英語當中多功能解釋性語句，就可以起到這一作用。請看下面的句子：
例：
1. 我從未見到過這樣頑固的人。
I’ve never seen such a stubborn person. = I’ve never seen such a person who never listens to other’s advice.
2. 如果我們想得到文憑，我們必須首先通過考試。
If we want to obtain a diploma，we must first pass the exams. = If we want to get a graduation paper，we must first pass the exams.
3. 工廠里的煙囪(chimney)拔地而起。
High chimneys have appeared in the factories. = The factories are full of high chimneys. = A lot of high chimneys can be seen in the factories.
4. 他考試取得了優異成績，被大學錄取了。
He passed the exam /succeeded in the exam and became a college student.
5. 中午我們吃了野餐。
At noon we had a picnic. = At noon we had our lunch in the open air.
解釋性語句能幫助我們巧妙地避開一些大詞、難詞，又能使意思表達流暢，不失為一聰明之舉。
四、六級作文只要層次清晰，語法正確就能拿到較好的分數。所以同學們如果過于糾結于用一些自己難于掌握的大詞和難詞，往往花了時間，還得不到應有的效果。我們應該靈活地使用一些簡單易掌握的表達方式傳達我們豐富多彩的內容，以便最大限度地發揮我們的英語水平。愿廣大考生放送心態，掌握技巧，穩拿寫作高分!
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