職稱英語備考指南
閱讀理解試題的做題方法我們稱之為還原定位法，即把試題準(zhǔn)確地在原文中進(jìn)行定位，找到答案所在的句子。這種方法的運用有三個步驟：
先看試題，后讀原文。
這樣做既節(jié)省了時間，又提高了做題的效率和準(zhǔn)確度。
對試題在原文中的位置進(jìn)行模糊定位。
因為試題的出題順序和文章的敘述順序存在高度的一致性。
對試題在原文中的位置進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確定位。
對試題在原文中的位置進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確定位的前提是抓住試題中的標(biāo)志詞和關(guān)鍵詞。標(biāo)志詞主要包括①專有名詞，是指表示人名、地名和組織機構(gòu)等的名詞，這樣的名詞在文章中一般都要大寫;②表示時間或年代的詞;③專業(yè)詞匯，這樣的詞匯一般都是比較難懂，一般是我們不認(rèn)識的詞匯。關(guān)鍵詞是指表達(dá)試題內(nèi)容的中心詞，一般是試題中的名詞和名詞詞組。
下面我們以2005年理工類B級中一篇閱讀理解為例，詳細(xì)解說一下這種方法在實戰(zhàn)考試中的運用。
閱讀理解
Almost Human?
Scientists are racing to build the world's first thinking robot. This is not science fiction： somesay they will have made it by the year 2020. Carol Packer reports.
Machines that walk， speak and feel are no longer science fiction.Kismet is the name of an android(機器人)which scientists have built at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)。 (31)Kismet is different from the traditional robot because it Can show human emotions.Its eyes，ears and lips move to show when it feels happy， sad or bored.Kismet is one of the first of a new generation of androids——robots that look like human beings——which Can imitate human feelings. (32) Cog， another android invented by the MIT， imitates the action of a mother. However， scientists admit that So far Cog has the mental ability of a two—year—old.
(33)The optimists(樂觀主義者)say that by the year 2020 we will have created humanoids(機器人)with brains similar to those of all adult human being. These robots will be designed to look like people to make them more attractive and easier to sell to the public. What kind of jobs will they do? (34)In the future， robots like Robonaut， a humanoid invented by NASA， will be doing dangerous jobs， like repairing space stations. They will also be doing more and mom of the household work for us In Japan， scientists are designing androids that will entertain us by dancing and playing the piano.
Some people worry about what the future holds：will robots become monsters(怪物)?Will people themselves become increasingly like robots? Experts predict that more and more people will be wearing micro—computers，connected to the Internet，in the future.People will have micro—chips in various parts of their body，which will connect them to a wide variety of gadgets (小裝置)。Perhaps we should not exaggerate(夸大)the importance of technology，but one wonders whether，in years to come，we will still be falling in love，and whether we will still feel pain.Who knows?
31. Kismetis different from traditional robots because
A. it thinks for itself
B. It is not like science fiction
C. it can look after two—year-old.
D. it seems to have human feelings.
解：本題的標(biāo)志詞是Kismet，關(guān)鍵詞組是different from traditional robots，我們在文章第二段的第二句話中找到了試題在文章中的位置，細(xì)細(xì)讀這句話。選項D和這句話的意思是最接近的，因為第二句話中有這樣一句it Can show human emotions，選項中的feelings和文章中的emotions是同義詞替換，這是閱讀理解正確項的一個出題原則。因此是正確答案。
32. What makes Cog special?
A. It looks like a mother.
B. It behaves like a child.
C. It can imitate the behavior of a mother.
D. It has a huge brain.
解：本題的標(biāo)志詞是Cog，接著讀文章，在文中尋找關(guān)于Cog的論述。關(guān)于Cog的論述出現(xiàn)在31題所對應(yīng)的原文的后面，只有兩句話，仔細(xì)讀完這兩句話后，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)選項C和原文是對應(yīng)的，只是文中的單詞action被替換成了他的同義詞behavior，這是職稱英語考試中，閱讀理解選項設(shè)置的一個特點，即同義詞替換。
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