職稱英語(yǔ)考試真題閱讀理解
無(wú)論是身處學(xué)校還是步入社會(huì)，我們經(jīng)常接觸到考試真題，考試真題是命題者根據(jù)一定的考核需要編寫出來(lái)的。相信很多朋友都需要一份能切實(shí)有效地幫助到自己的考試真題吧？以下是小編收集整理的職稱英語(yǔ)考試真題閱讀理解，僅供參考，歡迎大家閱讀。
職稱英語(yǔ)考試真題閱讀理解 1
Dont Rely on Indirect Evidence
Conversations may be miscalcuting the numbers of the threatened animals such as elephants, say African and American researchers. The error occurs because of a flaw in the way they estimate animal numbers from the piles of dung(糞)the creatures leave behind.
The mistake could lead researchers to think that there are twice as many elephants as there really are in some regions according to Andrew Plumptre of the Wildlife Conversation Society (wcs) in New York.
Biologist Katy Payne of Conrell University in Ithaca, New York, agrees. "We really need to know elephant numbers and the evidence that we have is quite indirect" says Payne, who electronically tracks elephants.
Counting elephants from aeroplanes is impossible in the vast rainforests of Central Africa. So researchers often estimate elephant numbers by counting dung piles in a given area. They also need to know the rate at which dung decays because its extremely difficult to determine these rates, however, researchers tallying(統(tǒng)計(jì)) elephants in one region tend to rely on standard decay rates established elsewhere.
But researchers at the WCS have found that this decay rate varies from region to region depending on the climate and environment. Using the wrong values can lead the census astray(離開(kāi)正道), says Plumptre.
He said his colleague Anthony Chifu Nchanji studied decaying elephant dung in the forests of Banyang-Mbo Widlife Sanctuary(禁獵區(qū))in Southweat Cameroon. They found that the dung decayed between 55 and 65 percent more slowly than the dung in the rainforests of neighbouring Gabon. If researchers use decay rates from Gabon to count elephants in Cameroon, they would probably find more elephants than are actually around.
This could mean estimates in Cameroon are at least twice as high as those derived from decay rates celcalated locally, says Plumptre "However accurate your dung density estimate is the decay rate can severly affect the result."
Plumptre also says that the dung-pile census should be carried out over a region similar in size to an elephants natural range. The usual technique of monitoring only small, protected areas distorts numbers because elephants move in and out of these regions, he says "If the elephant population increases within the protected area, you can not determine whether it is a real increase or whether it is due to elephants moving in because they are being poached(偷獵)outside."
Plumptre says that similar problems may also affect other animal census studies that rely on indirect evidence such as nests, tracks or burrows(地洞).
31.【題干】The word "threatened" in Paragraph 1 means_____
【選項(xiàng)】
A.frightened
B.angered
C.killed
D.endangered
【答案】D
【解析】
32.【題干】The way elephant numbers are estimated is_____
【選項(xiàng)】
A.technical
B.theoretical
C.unhelpful
D.mistaken
【答案】D
【解析】
33.【題干】Counting piles of elephant dung is not reliable because they differ in_____
【選項(xiàng)】
A.size
B.shape
C.track location
D.decay rate
【答案】D
【解析】
34.【題干】According to Plumptre, a dung-pile census be conducted in a_____
【選項(xiàng)】
A.natural range
B.small region
C.protected area
D.monitored place
【答案】A
【解析】
35.【題干】In making an animal census study, Plumptre advises researchers noy to rely on_____
【選項(xiàng)】
A.monitoring techniques
B.electrical devices
C.areoplanes
D.indirect evidence
【答案】D
【解析】
Black Holes Trigger Stars to Self-Destruct
Scientists have long understood that supermassive black holes weighing millions or billions of suns can tear apart stars that come too close. The black hotels gravity pulls harder on the nearest part of the star, an imbalance that pulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours, once it gets close enough.
Scientists say this Uneven pulling is not the only hazard facing the star. The strain of these unbalanced forces can also trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroy the star from within. Matthieu Brassart and Jean-Pierre Luminet of the Observatoire de Paris in Meudon, France, carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate stars life,as it veered towards a supermassive black hole.
When the star gets close enough, the uneven forces flatten it into a pancake shape. Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart. But other studies had suggested that the picture would be complicated by shock waves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur.
The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail,and found that even when their effects are included,the conditions favor a nuclear explosion. "There will be an explosion of the star-it will be completely destroyed," Brassart says. Although the explosion obliterates the star, it saves some of the stars matter from being devoured by the black hole. The explosion is powerful enough to hurl much of the stars matter out of the black holes reach, he says.
The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed, although at a much later stage. It is thought that several months after the event that rips the star apart,its matter starts swirling into the hole itself. It heats up as it does so, releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays.
If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode, then they could in principle allow these events to be detected at a much earlier stage, says Jules Hatpern of Columbia University in New York, US. "It may make it possible to see the disruption of that star immediately if it gets hot enough," he says.
Brassart agrees. "Perhaps it can be observed in the X-rays and gamma rays, but its something that needs to be more studied," he says. Supernova researcher Chris Fryer of the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, US, says the deaths of these stars are difficult to simulate, and he is not sure whether the researchers have proven their case that they explode in the process.
36.【題干】Something destructive could happen to a star that gets too close to a black hole. Which of the following destructive statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?
【選項(xiàng)】
A.The black hole could tear apart the star.
B.The black hole could trigger a nuclear explosion in the star.
C.The black hole could dwindle its size considerably.
D.The black hole could devour the star.
【答案】C
【解析】
37.【題干】According to the third paragraph, researchers differed from each other in the problem of_____
【選項(xiàng)】
A.whether nuclear reaction would occur.
B.whether the stars would increase its density and temperature.
C.whether shock waves would occur.
D.whether the uneven forces would flatten the stars.
【答案】A
【解析】
38.【題干】According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following is NOT true?
【選項(xiàng)】
A.No nuclear explosion would be triggered inside the star.
B.The star would be destroyed completely.
C.Much of the stars matter thrown by the explosion would be beyond the black holes reach.
D.The black hole would completely devour the star.
【答案】D
【解析】
39.【題干】What will happen several months after the explosion of the star?
【選項(xiàng)】
A.The stars matter will move further away from by the black hole.
B.The black hole’s matter will heat up.
C.The torn stars matter will swirl into the black hole.
D.The black holes matter will release ultraviolet light and X-rays.
【答案】C
【解析】
40.【題干】According to the context, the word "disruption" in Paragraph 6 means_____
【選項(xiàng)】
A."Confusion."
B."Tearing apart."
C."Interruption."
D."Flattening."
【答案】B
【解析】
Sports Star Yao Ming
If Yao Ming is not the biggest sports star in the world, he is almost certainly the tallest. At 2.26m, he is the tallest player in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and holds the record as the most towering Olympian ever to compete in the Games.
But what really stands out about the giant center is his celebrity(名氣). Few, if any, Chinese athletes are as well-known as Yao around the world. People across the globe are fascinated with Yao, not only for his basketball prowess(杰出的才能)also for being a symbol of international commerce.
When Yao joined the Houston Rockets as the No.1 pick in the 2002 NBA draft(選抜)， he was the first international player ever to be selected first. His assets on the court are clear enough—no NBA player of his size has ever possessed his mobility, so he is a handful(難對(duì)付的人)for opponents on either end of the court. But what makes Yao invaluable to the Rockets organization is his role as a global citizen and as a bridge to millions of potential basketball fans in China.
When it was announced in February that Yao would miss the rest of the NBA season and possibly the Olympics with a stress fracture(骨折)in his left foot, a collective shudder(震動(dòng))spread across China. After considerable debate and discussion, Yao opted to get his foot surgically treated in an operation that placed several tiny screws across the bone, to offer his overburdened foot more support. The surgery was a success, and though the estimated four-month recovery period will leave him little time to prepare with Team China, Yao has vowed to be ready for the Beijing Olympics.
Yao wrapped up a 10-day trip to China, where he underwent a series of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments, hoping to accelerate his recovery process Western experts are generally skeptical of TCMs benefits although new research from the University of Rochester suggests that a certain compound derived from shellfish may indeed stimulate bone repair.
"There is no reason to dismiss TCM," Yao told a press conference in Beijing." Its been used in our country for thousands of years. I dont think that its short on science."
41.【題干】The word "towering" in Paragraph 1 means_____
【選項(xiàng)】
A.large.
B.fat.
C.tall.
D.great.
【答案】C
42.【題干】Opponents find it very difficult to control Yao Ming because of his_____
【選項(xiàng)】
A.mobility.
B.assault.
C.defense.
D.celebrity.
【答案】A
【解析】
43.【題干】Yao Ming had to undergo a series of TCM treatments because_____
【選項(xiàng)】
A.his right foot had been hurting.
B.he wanted to make a more rapid recovery.
C.the surgical operation had been a failure.
D.he couldnt afford all the medical expenses.
【答案】B
【解析】
44.【題干】Which statement about Yao Ming is NOT true?
【選項(xiàng)】
A.He missed the Athens Olympics.
B.He is an NBA player.
C.He fractured his left foot.
D.He is an international figure.
【答案】A
【解析】
45.【題干】In general, the Western experts attitude towards TCM is_____.
【選項(xiàng)】
A.indifferent.
B.positive.
C.negative.
D.doubtful.
【答案】D
【解析】
職稱英語(yǔ)考試真題閱讀理解 2
In the last 500 years, nothing about people---not their clothes, ideas, or languages---has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made form the seeds of the cocoa tree by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500s. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.
The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the Potato Famine of 1845-6, and thousands more were forced to emigrate to America.
There are many other foods that have traveled from south America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the worlds largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400s.
According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a goatherd named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the wide-awake feeling that one-third of the worlds population now starts the day with.
1. According to the passage, which of the following changed more than others?
A. Clothes.
B. Ideas.
C. Languages.
D. Foods.
2. Chocolate drink was first invented in while coffee was first invented in _______.
A. Spain; Brazil
B. South America; the Old World
C. Spain; Ethiopia
D. London; Rent
3. In 1845, thousands of Irish people were forced to live in America mainly because .
A. Ireland became dependent on the potato
B. the potato was brought to Europe from Peru
C. they could easily get potato in America
D. the production of potatoes reduced(減少)
4. According to the passage, who first made chocolate drink from the seeds of the cacao tree?
A. People in Peru
B. People in Brazil.
C. South American Indians.
D. People in Ethiopia.
5. From the passage we can conclude (得出結(jié)論) that millions of people drink coffee .
A. in the morning
B. at noon
C. in the afternoon
D. in the evening
答案:
ACDCD
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