小升初英語必考句型專項
1、 肯定句：是指用肯定的語氣來陳述的句子，如：
I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.
2、否定句：含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子，如：I’m not a student. She is not (isn’t) a doctor.
He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom.
He will not (won’t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening.
☆注意 小結：否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎上加上了否定詞 “not”。有動詞be的句子則“not”加在be后面，可縮寫成“isn’t，aren’t”，但am not 一般都分開寫。沒有動詞be的句子則要先在主要動詞的前面加上一個助動詞(do，does，did)，然后在它后面加上“not”，你也可以把它們縮寫在一起如“don’t , doesn’t , didn’t )。這三個助動詞要根據人稱和時態(tài)來選擇，其中“does”只用于一般現在時主語是第三人稱單數的情況，而“did”只用于一般過去時，不論主語是什么人稱和數，都用“did” 。
3、一般疑問句：是指詢問事實的句子，此類句子必須用“yes”，或“no”來回答。
如：Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, I’m not.
Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.
Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
Are there four fans in our classroom? Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.
Are you going to buy a comic book tonight? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we aren’t.)
Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will. / No, I will not(won’t).
Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.
Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
☆注意 小結：一般疑問句是在肯定句的基礎上，
①把動詞be調到首位，其他照寫，末尾標點符號變成問號即可。
②沒有動詞be的句子則要在句首加上一個助動詞(do，does，did)再把緊跟在后面的動詞變回原形，末尾標點符號變成問號即可。
這三個助動詞也要根據人稱和時態(tài)來選擇，其中“does”只用于一般現在時主語是第三人稱單數的情況，而“did”只用于一般過去時，不論主語是什么人稱和數，都用“did” 。一般疑問句有個重要的原則就是問和答要一致，即問句里的第一個單詞(助動詞)和簡略答句里的這個詞是一致的。
4、特殊疑問句：以特殊疑問詞(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)開頭引導的句子。此類句子應該問什么就答什么，不能用“yes 、no”來回答。如：
What is this? It’s a computer.
What does he do? He’s a doctor.
Where are you going? I’m going to Beijing.
Who played football with you yesterday afternoon? Mike.
Which season do you like best? Summer.
When do you usually get up? I usually get up at 6:30.
Whose skirt is this? It’s Amy’s.
Why do you like spring best? Because I can plant trees.
How are you? I’m fine. / I’m happy.
How did you go to Xinjiang? I went to Xinjiang by train.
☆其中how又可以和其他一些形容詞連用組成特殊疑問詞組用來提問，如： how many(多少(數量)),
how much(多少(錢)), how tall(多高), how long(多長), how big(多大), how heavy(多重)
例句：How many pencils do you have? I have three pencils.
How many girls can you see? I can see four girls.
How many desks are there in your classroom? There are 51.
☆小結：how many 用來提問可數名詞的數量，主要有以上三種句式搭配，
How many + 名詞復數 + do you have? 你有多少……?
How many + 名詞復數 + can you see? 你能看見多少……?
How many + 名詞復數 + are there…? 有多少……?
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