是父親教會孩子果敢

時間：2024-06-08 19:09:58 學人智庫

是父親教會孩子果敢

　　Researchers from Brigham Young University discovered fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn tenacity.

是父親教會孩子果敢

　　BYU professors Laura Padilla-Walker and Randal Day arrived at these findings after following 325 families over several years. And over time, the persistence gained through fathers led to higher engagement in school and lower rates of delinquency.

　　“In our research we ask ‘Can your child stick with a task? Can they finish a project? Can they make a goal and complete it?’” Day said. “Learning to stick with it sets a foundation for kids to flourish and to cope with the stress and pressures of life.”

　　“There are relatively few studies that highlight the unique role of fathers,” Padilla-Walker said. “This research also helps to establish that traits such as persistence – which can be taught – are key to a child’s life success.”

　　Researchers determined that dads need to practice an “authoritative” parenting style. Authoritative parenting is not authoritarian: rigid, demanding or controlling. Rather, an authoritative parenting style includes some of the following characteristics:

　　Children feel warmth and love from their father;

　　Accountability and the reasons behind rules are emphasized;

　　Children are granted an appropriate level of autonomy.

　　In the study, about 52 percent of the dads exhibited above-average levels of authoritative parenting. A key finding is that over time, children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop persistence, which lead to better outcomes in school and lower levels of delinquency.

　　This particular study examined 11-14 year olds residing in two-parent homes. Yet the study authors suggest that single parents still may play a role in teaching the benefits of persistence, which is an avenue of future research.

　　“Fathers should continue to try and be involved in their children’s lives and engage in high quality interactions, even if the quantity of those interactions might be lower than is desirable,” Padilla-Walker said.

　　年輕人要進入今天的社會并不是件易事。毅力是成功的一大關鍵素質，研究者認為孩子這方面的特質很大程度上受父親的影響。

　　楊百瀚大學(Brigham Young University)的研究人員發現，在教會處于青春期的孩子處事堅韌這件事上，父親的角色和他起的作用是不可或缺的。

　　楊百翰大學的教授 Laura Padilla-Walker 和 Randal Day，在對了325個家庭進行了數年的跟蹤觀察之后得出了這些上述結論。受益于從父親身上學到的堅毅性格，日后孩子在學校里能比他的同學更積極更投入，他們品行不端的比率也較低。

　　“在我們的研究中，我們想知道，你的孩子是否能專心致志于一件事，是否能完成一個學生課題，他們是否能設立目標并且最終達成?”Randal Day教授如是說，“學會堅持是孩子們健康成長并應對生活中的壓力和焦慮的基礎。”

　　“這方面的研究，強調父親角色的相對來說并不多。”Padilla-Walker 說“這個研究同時可以證明：諸如毅力的一些品質是孩子收獲成功人生的關鍵，而這些品質是可以通過教育養成的。”研究者堅信父親需要在教育中秉持權威。權威式教育可不同于專制管教，后者嚴格而死板，苛求又束縛。相反，權威式教育包括了以下幾個特征：

　　孩子從父親那里感受到愛與溫暖

　　著重于規矩背后的原因道理

　　給予孩子恰當的自主自治

　　研究中有大約52%的父親在教育孩子時表現出了高于平均水平的權威。日后，那些家庭中的孩子養成堅韌個性的幾率遠高于平均，這使得他們在學校中表現突出，絕少會行為出軌。

　　這個專項研究考察的對象在11到14周歲，且由雙親撫養。不過研究者認為單身父親在培養孩子毅力時發揮關鍵的影響。這也是下一步研究的方向。

　　“父親們得繼續努力參與孩子的生活并保持有質量的互動，雖說父子間互動還是比理想狀況中少了太多。”Padilla-Walker說道。

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