研究證明豬是很聰明的
We’ve all heard the story of the third Little Pig, who foiled the hyperventilating wolf by building his house out of bricks, rather than with straw or sticks as his brothers had done. Less commonly known is that the pig later improved his home’s safety profile by installing convex security mirrors at key points along the driveway.
我們都聽(tīng)過(guò)了《三只小豬》的故事。第三只小豬建造了磚房挫敗了大灰狼的進(jìn)攻。而他的哥哥們建造的草房和木房都被大灰狼吹走了。但是大部分人都不知道，之后這只小豬又在車道重點(diǎn)部位安裝了凸面鏡來(lái)加強(qiáng)房屋的安全防護(hù)。
Well, why not? In the current issue of Animal Behaviour, researchers present evidence that domestic pigs can quickly learn how mirrors work and will use their understanding of reflected images to scope out their surroundings and find their food. The researchers cannot yet say whether the animals realize that the eyes in the mirror are their own, or whether pigs might rank with apes, dolphins and other species that have passed the famed “mirror self-recognition test” thought to be a marker of self-awareness and advanced intelligence.
為什么不可能呢?在新的一期《動(dòng)物行為》雜志上，研究人員證實(shí)家豬能很快知道鏡子是怎么工作的，并且運(yùn)用自己知道的反射圖像去探究周圍環(huán)境，找到他們的食物。研究人員還無(wú)法確定是動(dòng)物們知道鏡子里的眼睛是他們自己的還是豬也許比猿類、海豚還有其他通過(guò)著名的“鏡子自我認(rèn)識(shí)測(cè)試”的生物。“鏡子自我認(rèn)識(shí)測(cè)試”是用來(lái)測(cè)試自我意識(shí)和高等智力的。
The finding is just one in a series of recent discoveries from the nascent study of pig cognition. Other researchers have found that pigs are brilliant at remembering where food stores are cached and how big each stash is relative to the rest. They’ve shown that Pig A can almost instantly learn to follow Pig B when the second pig shows signs of knowing where good food is stored, and that Pig B will try to deceive the pursuing pig and throw it off the trail so that Pig B can hog its food in peace.
這項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)只是最近對(duì)于豬意識(shí)的一系列研究中的一個(gè)。其他研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)豬類在記憶食物存放點(diǎn)以及每個(gè)存放點(diǎn)間相互聯(lián)系比其他類動(dòng)物聰明。他們的實(shí)驗(yàn)表明當(dāng)豬A察覺(jué)豬B知道食物儲(chǔ)存在哪里時(shí)，豬A就會(huì)馬上跟隨豬B。而豬B則會(huì)想方設(shè)法把豬A甩掉以便自己能夠安心用食。更多信息請(qǐng)?jiān)L問(wèn)：https://www.24en.com/
They’ve found that pigs are among the quickest of animals to learn a new routine, and pigs can do a circus’s worth of tricks: jump hoops, bow and stand, spin and make wordlike sounds on command, roll out rugs, herd sheep, close and open cages, play videogames with joysticks, and more. For better or worse, pigs are also slow to forget. “They can learn something on the first try, but then it’s difficult for them to unlearn it,” said Suzanne Held of the University of Bristol. “They may get scared once and then have trouble getting over it.”
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)豬能夠迅速學(xué)會(huì)一項(xiàng)新慣例，而且豬會(huì)表演馬戲團(tuán)里的所有把戲：跳圈，扎馬，在指令下說(shuō)單詞，鋪地毯，趕羊，關(guān)籠和開(kāi)籠，用操縱桿玩電玩等等。不管怎樣，這都表明豬記憶力很好。布里斯托爾大學(xué)的Suzanne Held 說(shuō)”它們?cè)诘谝淮螌W(xué)的時(shí)候就可以學(xué)會(huì)，然而讓它們忘記所學(xué)卻很難，一旦受到驚嚇，那么將來(lái)都很難克服由此造成的心理陰影。”
Last week, an international team of biologists released the first draft sequence of the pig genome. Even on a cursory glance, “the pig genome compares favorably with the human genome,” said Lawrence Schook of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, one of the team leaders.
上周，一個(gè)由生物學(xué)家組成的國(guó)際研究小組公布了第一張豬的基因組草圖。伊利諾伊大學(xué)厄本那—香檳分校的Lawrence Schook，研究組組長(zhǎng)之一， 說(shuō)雖然只是粗粗一瞥，"但是豬的基因組比得上人的基因組。在很多節(jié)，還保持著相似的完整性。”
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